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Practical guides from the Instranova engineering team on selecting and applying process instruments – written from real product data and field experience. New guides are added here.
What barometric pressure is and the units it comes in, the three barometer types, how an absolute-reference sensor reads the atmosphere, and a standard-atmosphere altitude table. Read guide →
The three pressures defined with formulas, a pitot-static port map showing which port reads which, a worked duct traverse with density correction, and the instrument that reads each quantity. Read guide →
What the pulses-per-volume constant means, typical K-factor ranges by meter type and size, worked Hz-to-flow calculations, and the field procedure for deriving or correcting a K-factor.
Four devices, one real difference: the output signal. A comparison table, the vendor naming conflict explained, and a selection table from millivolt elements to 4-20 mA loops and switches. Read guide →
The two pressure references explained: the conversion formula with worked numbers, an ISO 2533 altitude table, and a vented, sealed, or absolute selection table. Read guide →
Hookup diagrams for 2-wire 4-20 mA loops, 3-wire voltage outputs, and 4-wire units, with load resistance math, PLC wiring, and a wiring fault table. Read guide →
The units on real instruments, exact conversion factors between GPM, L/min and m3/h, gas standard-volume units, and how to check them against a flow meter datasheet. With a built-in converter.
Gauge reads from the atmosphere, absolute from a vacuum. A comparison table (with PSID), the 14.7 psi conversion, and which reference to specify on a transmitter. Read guide →
The 10D/5D rule, upstream and downstream straight pipe by meter type, a worked example in inches, flow conditioners, and the ISO 5167 numbers to cite. Read guide →
All nine level transmitter technologies compared with real accuracy and range figures, a selection table by process condition, and the mistakes that mis-range instruments. Read guide →
Every industrial pressure unit with exact NIST conversion factors, worked conversions, and how to write unambiguous ranges on a datasheet. Read guide →
When radar, ultrasonic and float level transmitters need a stilling well, with a pipe sizing and hole-pattern table, an installation checklist and the mistakes that bias the reading. Read guide →
The live zero, mA scaling formulas, loop power budget and NAMUR NE43 fault currents, with worked examples and a signal calculator.
The square-root law, the five formulas that cover plant work, pump curves and a worked orifice example, with an interactive calculator.
How to select a cryogenic flow meter for LN2, LOX, LNG and LH2: technologies, Coriolis vs turbine, two-phase pitfalls and oxygen cleaning.
How rotary and reaction torque sensors differ by motion, speed, mounting and cost, and how to choose the right one for your test or calibration.
Liquid nitrogen flow meters for -196 C LN2: cryogenic gear/PD, turbine and Coriolis, flow ranges, outputs and accuracy.
How to measure cryogenic tank level for LN2, LOX, LAr and LNG: capacitance, differential-pressure and other methods, and how to choose.
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